Acne medication: what works, what to watch for

Acne can feel stubborn, but the medicines that treat it are straightforward once you know how they work. This page cuts through the noise and gives practical, no-nonsense advice on popular acne meds, how to use them, and when to get medical help. Youll learn the difference between OTC options and prescription drugs, plus safety tips for buying meds online.

Top acne medications and how they work

Start with over-the-counter options. Benzoyl peroxide kills bacteria and reduces oil; use it in 2.5 to 10% gels or washes. Salicylic acid unclogs pores and helps prevent new pimples. Adapalene is a retinoid now available OTC and helps cell turnover so pores stay clear.

Prescription topicals include tretinoin and stronger retinoids, topical antibiotics like clindamycin, and combination products that mix a retinoid with an antibiotic or peroxide. These are best for mild to moderate acne or when OTC products arent enough.

For moderate to severe acne, doctors may prescribe oral antibiotics such as doxycycline or minocycline. These reduce inflammation and bacteria but are not a long-term fix. Hormonal options like combined birth control pills or spironolactone help people with hormonal acne. For the most severe nodular or cystic acne, isotretinoin is highly effective but requires strict monitoring due to serious side effects.

How to choose and use acne meds safely

Match the treatment to your acne and lifestyle. Use OTC benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid for occasional breakouts. Choose adapalene or a prescription retinoid for persistent comedones and blackheads. If you have painful, inflamed bumps, talk to a provider about antibiotics, hormonal therapy, or isotretinoin.

Start slowly. Apply retinoids every other night at first to reduce irritation. Use a gentle, non-comedogenic moisturizer and daily SPF—retinoids and some antibiotics increase sun sensitivity. Avoid combining benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin at the same time of day because peroxide can inactivate tretinoin; stagger them instead.

Expect results in weeks, not days. Most treatments need 8 to 12 weeks before you see clear improvement. If your skin worsens or you get severe dryness, swelling, or mood changes on certain medications, stop and contact your prescriber right away.

Buying meds online? Only use licensed pharmacies that require a prescription when appropriate, list a physical address and pharmacist contact, and have clear return and privacy policies. Be wary of sites offering prescription drugs without asking for a prescription. That often means counterfeit or unsafe products.

If over-the-counter treatments fail or acne is leaving scars, make an appointment with a dermatologist. They can tailor a plan, adjust medications, and offer in-office treatments like chemical peels or laser therapy when needed. Small, consistent steps often make the biggest difference in clearing skin and avoiding scarring.